A research study for Dr. Abdel Hamid Afana was published at the RAHAT MEDICAL Journal, vol.2, No.1; published on February 2004 in Pakistan. The title of the study was" Gender and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of People Visiting Primary Care Clinics in an Area of Political Conflict: Gaza Strip". This Journal is called the Rahat Medical Journal. It is the world's only medical Journal offering scholars a pedestal to present the subject of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of torture and rehabilitation of torture survivors. Rahat is dedicated to dissemination of ideas and issues of interest to medical practitioners and general public worldwide. Abstract Objective: this was a quasi-experimental survey that looked at sex difference of mental disorders and the prevalence of mental health problems for people visiting primary health care clinics in the Gaza strip. Method: a survey of 661 randomly selected primary heath care patients was completed using the HSCL-25. Results: about 73% of patients visiting primary care clinics in the Gaza strip had mental disorders. The prevalence among females was higher (76.8%) than males (67%); living in refugee camps was predictive of both anxiety and depression but, for depression, the difference comes from those living in the camps who also define themselves as refugees vs. those who are citizens. Low educational level is a predictor of anxiety and not being married is linked to depression. About 6% of the variance of anxiety can be accounted for in regression by sex, place of residence and education with gender being the most robust predictor. Only about 2.9% of depression can be accounted for sex, marital status, and education. Again gender is the important predictor. The results are discussed in the context of Palestinian culture and the ongoing geopolitical conflict.